Competence Based Recruitment and Selection Free Essays

MZUMBE UNIVERSITY DAR ES SALAAM BUSINESS SCHOOL PROGAMME OF STUDY: MSC. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COURSE: ADVANCED †HRM STUDENT NAME: SYONI MWAKIPEKE †MSC/HRM/DCC/095/T. 11 Question: Competence based enrollment and choice encourages vocation the board in association. We will compose a custom article test on Skill Based Recruitment and Selection or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Talk about. 1. Presentation Competence-based Recruitment and determination is utilized to anticipate the potential occupation execution of the candidates. With the assistance of this technique associations can discover best individuals to accomplish their destinations. The distinctive between conventional enrollment and ability based enlistment and choice is that the subsequent one focused more on formal, quantifiable capabilities. The procedure of competency based enrollment and choice 1. 1 Competency is a transiently steady, barely characterized and trainable ability capacity to finish a hierarchically esteemed planned scribble task effectively. Capabilities have come up as an origination for naming and overseeing capacities, information and abilities and applying them on a wide range of regions. When the competency based methodology is applied candidates’ execution can be foreseen simpler and all the more precisely. It gives more exact estimate of future execution than the testing of information since it likewise clarifies how the information is applied. 1. 2 Competency based enlistment and Selection process The procedure of competency based enrollment and determination includes eleven stages of which first to four stages clarified the enlistment procedure and the rest that is five to eleven characterized how the choice functions. Competency based enlistment and Selection process Step 1 Identify HR and Job enrollment needs Step 2 Complete Job or position documentation Step 3 Identify enrollment sources 1 Step 4 Create enlistment materials and actualize the enrollment procedure Step 5 Determine the determination measures Step 6 Select the candidates Step 7 Train the questioners and direct conduct occasion interviews with the main competitors Step 8 Complete competency appraisal, set up the choice proposal list and select the applicant Step 9 Check the chose candidate’s capability Step 10 Negotiate pay and advantages bundle with the effective applicant and expand a work offer after the bundle has been acknowledged, first by the association and afterward by the competitor Step 11 Validate the determination Results Figure 1. Competency †based enrollment and determination (Dubois Rothwell 2004, p. 113) 1. 3 Advantages of Competency-based enrollment and determination process This technique brings about various focal points, for instance: an) It is result †situated; 2 b) Discrimination is not feasible; ) Identifying reinforcements for positions is simpler; d) Traditional preparing times are less; and e) Employees’ execution levels are higher. 2. COMPETENCY MODELS MANAGEMENT In request to complete competency-based enrollment and choice for a position a competency model is basic to assess candidates. The association can profit by abilities by working up competency models for an occupation job as well as f or a whole association. A competency model alludes to a gathering of capabilities required in a specific activity (OntoHR venture 2010a). However, clearly this isn't the main field that can profit by the idea of competency. Competency the executives can make things simpler for association by encouraging the plan of occupation jobs and its capabilities as indicated by the authoritative target. Employment Design is the subsequent stage after the fulfillment of competency model is work structure. â€Å"Job configuration alludes to the manner in which assignments is joined to shape total employments. † (Robbins Stuart-Kotze, 1987) 2. 1 Challenges of competency-based enlistment However competency-based enrollment and determination has a few difficulties as well, which incorporates: ? A trained way to deal with employment and work examinations is important to the groundwork for the enrollment and determination forms needs additional time; ? Wasteful while enlisting untalented or semiskilled laborers. Be that as it may, if the conditions are appropriate this can be an exceptionally viable strategy to build up an organization’s human capital. 2. 2 ? Advantages of Competency-base enrollment and choice to the Organization When joined with an evaluation of information and experience, utilizing abilities improves precision in surveying people’s appropriateness or potential for various occupations. They help keep questioners and selectors from settling on hurried choices or from evaluating interviewees based on qualities that are not applicable to the activity. ? They can be utilized to help structure the choice procedure †meeting and tests. ? Surveying an up-and-comer against explicit skills explains their qualities and shortcomings; making it simpler to focus on any improvement that might be required should they be selected. 3. COMPETENCY-BASED RECRUITMENT AND CAREER MANAGEMENT Competency-based enrollment assumes significant job in the organizaton’s profession the board plans as it encourages enlistment and determination of representatives with the correct abilities (aptitudes, information and perspectives) for the current task. It helps supervisors in recognizable proof of vocation way of representative right from the earliest starting point, in light of the fact that the vast majority of the activity center abilities are probably going to center and shape individual’s profession goals. This early distinguishing proof aides in structuring an appropriate preparing and advancement plan for individu al worker, these incorporate instructing, tutoring, and different sorts of preparing which assists with forming individual’s profession way. When association has a reasonable thought regarding employee’s qualities and shortcomings, demeanor and conduct, qualities and future desires and aptitudes and capabilities, they can utilize worker abilities and put them at the correct spot. Competency-based enrollment and choice encourages progression and maintenance plan of the association as it cultivates representative skill improvement and the executives through competency-based execution the executives which endowed administrators with the tedious and commendable activity of competency-based execution the board through constant instructing and preparing of workers in order to guarantee that singular possibilities are acknowledged, sustained and created 4. End For current associations whether it be private or open, benefit or not for benefit competencybased enrollment is unavoidable if the firm target understanding its vital objectives using its generally significant and significant assets. In this firm rivalry chiefs need to guarantee that, they eventually use their HR abilities to understand its key target. Inventiveness and advancements in overseeing emplo yee is of more noteworthy incentive in this period particularly the fascination, choice and maintenance of high possible representatives. As administrators and associations are moved from errands achievement to result based execution, representative enlistment and determination has gotten huge in understanding this target. 4 Management ought to guarantee that enlistment depends on skills that are required for the activity being referred to, these abilities must be sensible and quantifiable with the goal that directors and representatives can cooperate to guarantee acknowledgment of these capabilities thus hierarchical destinations. Competency-based enlistment and choice goes connected at the hip with competencybased execution the executives, this involves competency-based prize framework and profession the board. Capability based enlistment and choice encourages vocation the executives in association. Talk about. Accommodation date ninth June 2012 5 The most effective method to refer to Competence Based Recruitment and Selection, Papers Capability Based Recruitment and Selection Free Essays MZUMBE UNIVERSITY DAR ES SALAAM BUSINESS SCHOOL PROGAMME OF STUDY: MSC. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COURSE: ADVANCED †HRM STUDENT NAME: SYONI MWAKIPEKE †MSC/HRM/DCC/095/T. 11 Question: Competence based enrollment and choice encourages vocation the board in association. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ability Based Recruitment and Selection or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Talk about. 1. Presentation Competence-based Recruitment and determination is utilized to anticipate the potential employment execution of the candidates. With the assistance of this strategy associations can discover best individuals to accomplish their targets. The diverse between customary enlistment and fitness based enrollment and determination is that the subsequent one focused more on formal, quantifiable capabilities. The procedure of competency based enlistment and choice 1. 1 Competency is a transiently steady, barely characterized and trainable ability capacity to finish a hierarchically esteemed imminent scribble task effectively. Capabilities have come up as an origination for naming and overseeing capacities, information and abilities and applying them on a wide range of zones. When the competency based methodology is applied candidates’ execution can be foreseen simpler and all the more precisely. It gives more exact estimate of future execution than the testing of information since it likewise clarifies how the information is applied. 1. 2 Competency based enlistment and Selection process The procedure of competency based enrollment and choice includes eleven stages of which first to four stages clarified the enrollment procedure and the rest that is five to eleven characterized how the determination functions. Competency based enrollment and Selection process Step 1 Identify HR and Job enlistment needs Step 2 Complete Job or position documentation Step 3 Identify enlistment sources 1 Step 4 Create enlistment materials and execute the enlistment procedure Step 5 Determine the determination rules Step 6 Select

My Antonia :: Free Essay Writer

My Antonia 1. Jim Burden, a fruitful New York City legal counselor, leaves an associate a diary of his Nebraska youth as a memory of their common companion, Antonia Shimerda. Jim had first shown up in Nebraska at ten years old, when he was made the outing west to live with his grandparents in the wake of winding up as a vagrant in Virginia. On this equivalent train, Jim has his first look at the Shimerdas, a Bohemian migrant family going a similar way. As destiny would have it, the Shimerdas have relocated to a neighboring homestead to the Burdens'. Jim befriends the Shimerda youngsters, particularly Antonia, who is closest to him in age, and anxious to learn English. At her dad's solicitation, Jim starts to mentor Antonia, and both of them spend a significant part of the harvest time investigating their new scene together. Not long after Christmas, disaster hits with the self destruction of Mr. Shimerda. After a passionate memorial service, the Shimerdas retreat into despair, and the Burdens battle to be as pleasing as could be expected under the circumstances. Because of the hardships that the Shimerdas endure, a wedge is driven among Antonia and Jim. Two or after three years, the Burdens choose to move into town, and presently Antonia accepts a position as a maid with a neighboring family, the Harlings. Jim starts to see a greater amount of Antonia indeed, particularly when a moving structure comes to town and breathes life into the social circumstance. Jim's secondary school years immediately find some conclusion, and he is offered a spot at the college in Lincoln. He makes an incredible achievement of his initiation discourse, and spends the mid year working diligently in anticipation of his course of study. Prior to leaving, he takes one final outing out to the wide open with Antonia and her companions, where they assemble to think back about bygone eras together. In Lincoln, Jim devotes himself completely to his investigations, which take up most of his time in the primary 18 months of his course. In the spring of his subsequent year, he starts to see a decent arrangement of Lena Lingard; a mutal companion of his and Antonia's who has consistently captivated Jim. Following a while of theater going and dalliances about town, Jim chooses he needs to make a new beginning of things and gets ready to move to Harvard for his last two years of school.

Discuss how psychological research into false memories has improved Essay

Talk about how mental investigation into bogus recollections has improved the reliabilty of observer declaration - Essay Example The most significant factors in observer recognizable proof incorporate recognition, memory, correspondence and sincerity of the onlooker. Be that as it may, it has been an intense activity for even prepared onlookers to make exact ID of the observer. In this foundation, explore in intellectual brain research regarding the matter of bogus recollections ends up being enormously important and such examinations impact the unwavering quality of onlooker declaration massively. As Daniel L. Schacter implies, test and hypothetical investigations of memory uncover that mistakes, contortions, and deceptions are central parts of recalling and memory. Throughout the previous two decades, there has been reestablished enthusiasm for memory mistakes and twists inside psychotherapy and neuropsychology. â€Å"It is with regards to this discussion that the term ‘false memory’ has come into normal utilization in mental research. Bogus recollections allude to memories that are here and th ere contorted or, in outrageous cases, include recalling occasions that never occurred at all.† (Schacter, 1999, p. 193). Along these lines, mental investigation into bogus recollections can incredibly add to the dependability of onlooker declaration and this paper causes an intelligent investigation of how such assessments to can improve the unwavering quality of observer declaration. ... The discoveries in the ongoing investigations on the improvement of bogus recollections demonstrate that considerate recollections can be misshaped in different manners during the way toward encoding and recovery. As Rowland W. Folensbee keeps up, â€Å"research into bogus recollections doesn't raise doubt about the presence of memory forms that could keep up verifiable awful recollections. Truth be told, late neuroimaging research offers support for the presence of flashbacks that not associated with unequivocal memory forms. (Folensbee, 2007, p. 119). Accordingly, the ongoing examinations on the way toward recouping verifiable recollections have presented another method of understanding the working of bogus recollections and these looks into add to the cognizance of the major parts of memory. It is essential to understand that the psychological therapists have distinguished the event of bogus recollections and the ongoing test inquire about in the zone adds to a superior examinati on of bogus recollections. The noteworthy association between the ongoing mental examination into bogus recollections and the dependability of observer declaration can't be addressed, in light of the fact that the improvements around there of neuropsychological research have added to the unwavering quality of onlooker declaration. One of the center parts of the legal procedure has been the dependability of observer declaration and each endeavor to improve its legitimacy has extraordinary ramifications in lawful brain research. As per Tversky and Fisher, it is basic for the members in the legal procedure to perceive the uncertainty of witness recollections. (Tversky and Fisher, 2000). The ongoing examinations in neuropsychology concerning human memory center around the powerlessness of the

Social learning theory in child psychology Essay

Social learning hypothesis in kid brain science - Essay Example All these hypothetical plans have encouraged youngster clinicians and advisors to comprehend kid conduct as far as the connection among such factors as one’s condition, conduct and mental procedures where positive and negative fortifications assume a significant job in adjusting the child’s standards of conduct. Bandura proceeds to indicate that â€Å"children learn and mirror practices they have seen in other people† and his social learning hypothesis is established on three essential models of observational learning-live, verbal and emblematic model (Cherry). The demonstrating procedure includes four phases consideration, maintenance, propagation and inspiration. This comprehension has been end up being vital in kid brain research as kids disguises a significant number of their standards of conduct and ensuing social issues through perception and displaying from their prompt life condition. In any case, Bandura likewise held that outer or natural fortification alone doesn't regulate conduct; he worried on â€Å"intrinsic support as a type of inner prize, for example, pride, fulfillment, and a feeling of accomplishment† through which the conduct of the individual is formed (Cherry). Subsequently, it is huge that the kid builds up a feeling of inherent support in his conduct al ongside the enormous measure of extraneous fortifications that he gets from others. It is likewise beneficial to investigate how Beg and Beg respect social learning hypothesis regarding kid brain research. For them, social learning hypothesis, truth be told, â€Å"combines fortification learning hypothesis with psychoanalytic ideas and a portion of the experiences of social human studies and sociology† and as such they hold that the support part of social learning hypothesis has got extraordinary importance in regulating the child’s conduct through suitable frameworks of remunerations and disciplines (Beg &Beg 35). One ought to likewise shoulder as a top priority that later the idea of remunerations and disciplines gave way

Critical Thinking Paper Writing Services

Critical Thinking Paper Writing ServicesCritical thinking paper writing services are essential to online business owners as well as small businesses. An online business has a great many risks involved, so the ability to think critically and move fast are invaluable. These services should provide you with a wide range of options to choose from, allowing you to get started with the right type of paper for your online business needs.Many times, businesses struggle to come up with a good idea to use for their paper. A great many business owners will use the same paper all the time, meaning they use the same pages and templates, not knowing what to do with them. They often don't even make use of any specific ideas. For this reason, paper writing services should provide you with a wide variety of options so you can find one that's suited to your needs.Not only will your paper be unique but it will also be timely. Most paper writing services use a rolling paper style, so the paper will be p repared and ready to be used immediately. No more having to wait hours in the middle of the night for your paper to dry or sit on the printer in the office to dry. The paper will be ready to go in no time at all.The other advantage to using these services is that the paper will be produced quickly and at a cost you can easily afford. Not only will you save money on production costs, but you will save money on shipping and handling as well. You don't want to have to pay high fees just to have your paper printed, so make sure you do your homework when looking for your paper products.The benefits of using these services extend beyond simply having the paper printed. These types of businesses specialize in working with various kinds of writers who work with diverse materials. For example, if you need something written specifically for your website, they have a great deal of experience working with various types of web sites.These services can also be used to write promotional pieces for your online business. If you need something written about your company, these services can get you those pieces done quickly and conveniently. This will help the company, as well as you become more visible online, allowing your brand to get out there and reach more people.Having a unique identity online can be hard to come by, but critical thinking and new ideas can help. Having unique information for your website can also help with search engine optimization (SEO). The more people that find your site through the internet, the more chances you have of getting traffic.Having a unique identity in place can allow you to attract more clients and keep them longer, which can in turn lead to a long term benefit of higher profits for your business. This is why your business should consider these services to help you get started. These services will help you create effective papers and sales pitches for your company.

Religion and Health Care Shouldnt Mixâ€A Contraceptive Conundrum

A good portion of what I do as a family practice Physician Assistant involves counseling women and men about birth control. I have also gone to public schools and counseled junior high school students about puberty and sex. One thing is for certain the answer to solving America's health care problems is definitely not placing restrictions or further boundaries on access to safe, effective contraception. Of course right now in the news a big debate is raging over weather or not religious institutions should be required to provide family planning services. These are often the same religious institutions that aim to curb the ever rising rates of abortion. To me this seems backwards. If I dont believe in smoking is the best way to curb the rising rates really by denying my patients a prescription for Chantix? The Contraceptive Conundrum Of the six million pregnancies that occur among American women each year, nearly half are unintended. As a result, American women experience 1.4 million unplanned births and 1.3 million abortions annually. In 2007 The Alan Guttmacher Institute, which specializes in reproductive health issues, released a massive study showing that abortion rates rise and fall in synch with the availability of family planning services. From the Guttmacher Institute's news release, its study, and the Washington Post report, we learn that states which fund programs to make family planning services widely accessible had lower rates of unplanned pregnancies -- and women having abortions. In recent years, many states cut back on these programs, making poor women and girls more likely to have unintended pregnancies. Meanwhile, the religious right is aggressively campaigning both to end the availability of abortion and to limit access to contraception. The United States has sky-high rates of unplanned pregnancies and abortions. As Guttmacher President Sharon L. Camp told the Washington Post, "Unintended pregnancy in the United States is twice as high as in most of Western Europe. As a direct result, abortion rates are twice or three times as high as European countries. There is no reason why abortion rates need to be as high as they are. At What Cost? The direct medical costs of unintended pregnancies were US$9.4 billion in 2002. Direct medical cost savings due to contraceptive use were US $12 billion. National Cost of Teen Childbearing Teen childbearing in the United States cost taxpayers (federal, state, and local) at least $10.9 billion in 2008, according to an updated analysis by The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Most of the costs of teen childbearing are associated with negative consequences for the children of teen mothers, including increased costs for health care, foster care, incarceration, and lost tax revenue. Contraception, unsafe abortions and complicated pregnancies The risk of a woman dying from pregnancy-related causes during her lifetime is about 1 in 4,800 in the USA and 1 in 17,400 in Sweden as compared to 1 in 7 in Niger. Worldwide some 200 million women of childbearing age want to delay or avoid pregnancy, but 137 million use no method of contraception at all. Every year, 190 million women become pregnant, at least a third of them unintentionally. Nearly 50 million women resort to abortion every year, and 19 million are done under unsafe conditions. An estimated 68,000 women die each year as a result. Millions more suffer infections and other complications, such as infertility. Family planning can prevent the serious health consequences of becoming pregnant within six months of an abortion (anemia, membrane rupture, low-birth weight, preterm delivery). Contraceptive use drastically reduces the chances of unintended pregnancy. Over the course of a year, only 8% of women using the pill will become pregnant, compared with 85% of sexually active women not using contraceptives. This fact alone helps explain why the 7% of U.S. women at risk of unintended pregnancy who do not practice contraception account for almost half of the country's unintended pregnancies. WOMEN IN NEED OF CONTRACEPTION, 2000 State Overall, # in 000s With public support % of all # in 000s U.S. Total 33,983 48.2 16,396 Alabama 496 55.6 276 Alaska 72 44.4 32 Arizona 606 52.0 315 Arkansas 280 58.9 165 California 4,281 49.3 2,111 Colorado 537 42.6 229 Connecticut 438 36.8 161 Delaware 93 43.0 40 District of Columbia 85 48.2 41 Florida 1,699 49.9 848 Georgia 988 47.8 472 Hawaii 138 44.2 61 Idaho 141 56.7 80 Illinois 1,568 44.3 694 Indiana 735 48.6 357 Iowa 325 52.0 169 Kansas 309 50.8 157 Kentucky 442 54.3 240 Louisiana 520 59.4 309 Maine 152 52.0 79 Maryland 637 38.1 243 Massachusetts 880 38.0 334 Michigan 1,215 46.3 562 Minnesota 598 42.3 253 Mississippi 310 62.6 194 Missouri 665 51.4 342 Montana 89 61.8 55 Nebraska 197 51.8 102 Nevada 239 46.0 110 New Hampshire 158 39.9 63 New Jersey 1,101 35.9 395 New Mexico 207 61.4 127 New York 2,557 46.7 1,195 North Carolina 924 49.2 455 North Dakota 72 58.3 42 Ohio 1,369 48.1 658 Oklahoma 372 58.3 217 Oregon 390 50.5 197 Pennsylvania 1,528 46.8 715 Rhode Island 143 46.2 66 South Carolina 458 53.3 244 South Dakota 82 57.3 47 Tennessee 646 51.2 331 Texas 2,469 52.8 1,304 Utah 292 50.3 147 Vermont 72 52.8 38 Virginia 835 43.8 366 Washington 708 45.1 319 West Virginia 182 60.4 110 Wisconsin 634 46.4 294 Wyoming 51 56.9 29 Source: The Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI), Women in Need of Contraceptive Services and Supplies, 2000, AGI, 2003, www.guttmacher.org/pubs/win/index.html. Some Final thoughts I know there is a ton of data here. But I think it comes down to this. If the goal of the religious right is to save lives then they need to preserve access to contraception. If conservatives want to save money and reduce taxes then they need to preserve access to contraception. If conservatives want to protect the constitution then they need to remove a biased religious based judgment from medical decision making. And this is why religion and health careshouldn'tmix! You may also like -How Much Does it Cost to go to Physician Assistant (PA) School?So you are considering PA school? Great, now how are you going to pay for it? With the average undergraduate education debt prior to PA school at $36,300 and the average anticipateddebt load from PA school at $112,500 it's probably []2015 Physician Assistant Program Tuition and Cost Comparison Table Updated 2015 Physician Assistant Program tuition and cost comparison table. Tuition and cost data for resident andnonresidenttuition including length/duration of the PA program. Based on this 2015 data table: Average cost []Does PA Program Length Matter? In a time long, long ago, just before the release of the first iPhone, I graduated from the UMDNJ (now Rutgers) PA program. It was a three-year PA program with a nearly 100% PANCE pass rate. At the time, Rutgers was one of the best []

Theory Definition in Science

The definition of a theory in science is very different from the everyday usage of the word. In fact, its usually called a scientific theory to clarify the distinction. In the context of science, a theory is a well-established explanation for scientific data. Theories typically cannot be proven, but they can become established if they are tested by several different scientific investigators. A theory can be disproven by a single contrary result. Key Takeaways: Scientific Theory In science, a theory is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method.In common usage, the word theory means something very different. It could refer to a speculative guess.Scientific theories are testable and falsifiable. That is, its possible a theory might be disproven.Examples of theories include the theory of relativity and the theory of evolution. Examples There are many different examples of scientific theories in different disciplines. Examples include: Physics: the big bang theory, atomic theory, theory of relativity, quantum field theoryBiology: the theory of evolution, cell theory, dual inheritance theoryChemistry: the kinetic theory of gases, valence bond theory, Lewis theory, molecular orbital theoryGeology: plate tectonics theoryClimatology: climate change theory Key Criteria for a Theory There are certain criteria which must be fulfilled for a description to be a theory. A theory is not simply any description that can be used to make predictions! A theory must do all of the following: It must be well-supported by many independent pieces of evidence.It must be falsifiable. In other words, it must be possible to test a theory at some point.It must be consistent with existing experimental results and able to predict outcomes at least as accurately as any existing theories. Some theories may be adapted or changed over time to better explain and predict behavior. A good theory can be used to predict natural events that have not occurred yet or have yet to be observed. Value of Disproven Theories Over time, some theories have been shown to be incorrect. However, not all discarded theories are useless. For example, we now know Newtonian mechanics is incorrect under conditions approaching the speed of light and in certain frames of reference. The theory of relativity was proposed to better explain mechanics. Yet, at ordinary speeds, Newtonian mechanics accurately explains and predicts real-world behavior. Its equations are much easier to work with, so Newtonian mechanics remains in use for general physics. In chemistry, there are many different theories of acids and bases. They involve different explanations for how acids and bases work (e.g., hydrogen ion transfer, proton transfer, electron transfer). Some theories, which are known to be incorrect under certain conditions, remain useful in predicting chemical behavior and making calculations. Theory vs. Law Both scientific theories and scientific laws are the result of testing hypotheses via the scientific method. Both theories and laws may be used to make predictions about natural behavior. However, theories explain why something works, while laws simply describe behavior under given conditions. Theories do not change into laws; laws do not change into theories. Both laws and theories may be falsified but contrary evidence. Theory vs. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a proposition which requires testing. Theories are the result of many tested hypotheses. Theory vs Fact While theories are well-supported and may be true, they are not the same as facts. Facts are irrefutable, while a contrary result may disprove a theory. Theory vs. Model Models and theories share common elements, but a theory both describes and explains while a model simply describes. Both models and theory may be used to make predictions and develop hypotheses. Sources Frigg, Roman (2006). Scientific Representation and the Semantic View of Theories. Theoria. 55 (2): 183–206.  Halvorson, Hans (2012). What Scientific Theories Could Not Be. Philosophy of Science. 79 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1086/664745McComas, William F. (December 30, 2013). The Language of Science Education: An Expanded Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts in Science Teaching and Learning. Springer Science Business Media. ISBN 978-94-6209-497-0.National Academy of Sciences (US) (1999). Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences (2nd ed.). National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/6024 ISBN 978-0-309-06406-4.  Suppe, Frederick (1998). Understanding Scientific Theories: An Assessment of Developments, 1969–1998. Philosophy of Science. 67: S102–S115. doi:10.1086/392812